Quetta: The Fruit Garden of Pakistan | Digital Hub Balochistan

Quetta

Quetta, often referred to as ko’eṭa, serves as the capital and largest city of the Pakistani province of Balochistan. As the ninth largest city in Pakistan, it boasts a population of approximately 1.6 million as of 2024. Nestled in the south-west of the country, Quetta lies in a valley surrounded by mountains, at an elevation of about 1,680 metres (5,510 feet) above sea level, making it the highest altitude major city in Pakistan. This unique setting has earned it the nickname “Fruit Garden of Pakistan”, owing to its abundant fruit orchards and the wide variety of fresh fruits and dried fruits produced in the region.

Strategic Significance and Historical Background

Positioned in northern Balochistan, near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border, Quetta serves as a pivotal trade and communication centre between the two countries. The city is connected by road to Kandahar, enhancing its strategic importance. Historically, the Bolan Pass has acted as a gateway between Central Asia and South Asia, with Quetta playing a crucial role as a city, district, and division within the Balochistan province.

The name “Quetta” is derived from the Pashto word kwatkot, meaning fort, while the area is also known as Shāl or Shālkot. Serving as both divisional and district headquarters, Quetta has long been a marketing and communications center for the Shāl Valley, situated at an elevation of approximately 5,500 feet (1,675 meters) above sea level. As one of the southernmost frontier posts, it has historically been a strategic location along roads and railways leading northwest to the Afghanistan border via the Bolan Pass and Khojak Pass.

The British established a presence in Quetta in 1876, appointing Robert Sandeman as the political agent. The city was subsequently garrisoned as an army station, and a municipality was formed in 1896. The Army Command and Staff College was established in 1907, further cementing Quetta’s military significance. However, the city faced a devastating earthquake in 1935, resulting in the loss of approximately 20,000 lives.

Quetta, formerly known as Shalkot, has a rich history shaped by various cultures and empires. The name “Quetta” is derived from the Pashto word kwatta, meaning natural fort, reflecting its strategic location surrounded by the Chiltan, Takatoo, Mordar, and Zarghun hills. Historically, it was inhabited by Pashtun tribes, notably the Kasi Tribe. In the 11th century, Mahmood of Ghazni captured Quetta during his invasions of the subcontinent. Later, in 1543, the Mughal emperor Humayun, during his retreat to Persia, stayed in Quetta with his one-year-old son, Akbar, for two years. In the 18th century, Quetta became a battleground between the Baloch rulers of Kalat and the Afghans under Ahmed Shah Durrani. The city was later incorporated into the Durrani Empire. The British occupied Quetta in 1876, recognizing its strategic importance, and established it as a garrison town. A devastating earthquake in 1935 destroyed much of the city, resulting in significant loss of life. After Pakistan’s independence in 1947, Quetta became the capital of Balochistan province.

Economic Activities and Educational Institutions

Quetta has evolved into a market center for regions including western Afghanistan, eastern Iran, and Central Asia. The city’s industries encompass cotton mills, a sulfur refinery, coke briquetting plants, a thermal power station, and fruit canneries. Additionally, it houses a geophysical institute, the Geological Survey of Pakistan, and the Sandeman Library. Educational institutions such as government colleges affiliated with the University of Peshawar and the University of Balochistan (established in 1970) contribute to the city’s academic landscape. Quetta also serves as a summer resort, attracting visitors seeking respite from the heat.

Geographical Boundaries and Topography

The Quetta district is bordered to the north by Pishīn district, to the west by Afghanistan, to the east by Ziārat and Harnāi districts, and to the south by Mastung and Nūshki districts. Despite its relatively small area, the district has experienced significant population growth. Geographically, it is characterized by valleys lying between 4,500–5,500 feet (1,400–1,700 meters) above sea level, situated on the western edge of the foothills of the Central Brāhui range.

In 1955, the Quetta division was reorganized into the districts of Quetta, Pishīn, and Qilla Abdullah. To the east, it borders the Zhob division, while the north is dominated by the Toba Kākar Range, extending into Afghanistan. To the south, the district reaches Chaman near the Afghan border, encompassing the Khawaja Amran and Sarlath ranges, as well as the Khojak Pass. The Shelabāgh railway tunnel, stretching 2.5 miles (4 km) through solid rock, is a notable feature of the region. The Pishīn Lora river traverses the district, contributing to its dry, temperate climate.

Agriculture and Handicrafts

The valleys around Quetta are renowned for the cultivation of grapes, peaches, plums, apricots, apples, almonds, pears, and pomegranates, as well as wheat, barley, corn, and maize. The region also boasts juniper and pistachio forests, supporting activities such as horse breeding. Local artisans produce felts, rugs, silk embroidery, and copper vessels, reflecting the area’s rich tradition of local handicrafts.

Demographics and Infrastructure

According to the 2017 census, the city of Quetta had a population of 1,001,205, while the district reached 2,275,699, and the division totaled 3,769,758. The city is well-connected, serving as a trade and communication centre between Pakistan and Afghanistan, with routes extending to Central Asia. The Bolan Pass historically functioned

^Foundation

^Quetta^{, the}^capital^and^{largest city}^of^Balochistan^{province in}^Pakistan^{, has a rich history shaped by various rulers and events. The name “Quetta” is derived from the Pashto word}^“kwatta”^{, meaning}^“fort”^{, reflecting its strategic significance as a}^{natural fort}^{surrounded by the}^Chiltan^,^Takatoo^,^Mordar^{, and}^Zarghun^hills^{. Historically, it was inhabited by}^{Muslim inhabitants}^{, including the}^Pashtun^{Kasi Tribe}^{. In the}^{11th century}^,^{Mahmood of Ghazni}^{passed through this region during his invasions of the Indian}^subcontinent^{. Later, in}¹⁵⁴³^{, the Mughal emperor}^Humayun^{sought refuge here during his retreat to}^Persia^{, accompanied by his one-year-old son,}^Akbar^{, who spent two years in the area. In the}^{18th century}^{, Quetta became a battleground between the}^Ghilzai^of^Kandahar^{, the}^Baloch^Kalat^{, and the}^Afghans^{led by}^{Ahmed Shah Durrani}^{, who faced the}^{Khan of Kalat}^,^{Mir Noori Naseer Khan Baloch}^{, in}¹⁷⁵¹^{. The city’s strategic importance continued during the}^{Battle of Panipat}ⁱⁿ¹⁷⁶¹^{and conflicts with the}^Sikhsⁱⁿ¹⁷⁶⁵^{. Today, Quetta’s}^Pashtun^population^{constitutes about}^20%^{of its inhabitants, including sub-tribes like the}^Kasi^and^Kakar^.

^{Archaeological evidence suggests that human occupation in the Quetta region dates back to the}^{Paleolithic era}^{, with discoveries of hunting camps and lithic scatters indicating early human activity. The area saw the development of settled villages during the}^{ceramic Neolithic}^{period (}^{7000–6000 BCE}^{), notably at sites like}^Mehrgarh^{on the}^{Kachi Plain}^{. By}^{2500 BCE}^{, Quetta was part of the}^{Bronze Age}^Harappan^{cultural orbit, linked to the}^{Indus river basin}^{to the east.}

^In¹⁸⁷⁶^,^Quetta^{was occupied by the}^British^{during their expansion in}^{British India}^{, recognizing its strategic position on the western frontier. General John Jacob had earlier identified its significance in}¹⁸⁵⁶^{, leading the}^government^{to establish a garrison town, bolstering infrastructure and stationing}^{British troops}^{. However, the city faced a devastating setback in}¹⁹³⁵^{when a massive earthquake}^razed^{Quetta, with its}^epicentre^{near the city, destroying much of its infrastructure and resulting in significant loss of life. Despite this tragedy, Quetta rebuilt and, upon the}^foundation^of^Pakistan^{, became the}^{provincial capital}^of^Balochistan^.

^Climate

^{Quetta experiences a}^{cold semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk)}^{, characterized by significant temperature variations between seasons.}^Summer^{spans from late May to early September, with}^{average temperatures}^{ranging between}^{24–26 °C (75–79 °F)}^{. The}^{highest temperature recorded}^was^{42 °C (108 °F)}^on^{10 July 1998}^.

^During^autumn^{, from mid-September to mid-November, temperatures average}^{12–18 °C (54–64 °F)}^.^Winter^{lasts from late November to late February, with average temperatures around}^{4–5 °C (39–41 °F)}^{. The}^{lowest temperature}^{noted was}^{−18.3 °C (−0.9 °F)}^on^{8 January 1970}^.

^Spring^{occurs from early March to mid-May, with average temperatures near}^{15 °C (59 °F)}^.^Monsoon^{influences are minimal, but heavy rainfall can occur. The}^{highest rainfall in 24 hours}^was^{113 millimetres (4.4 in)}^on^{17 December 2000}^{. The}^{highest monthly rainfall}^{recorded was}^{232.4 millimetres (9.15 in)}ⁱⁿ^{March 1982}^{, and the}^{highest annual rainfall}^was^{949.8 millimetres (37.39 in)}^{in the same year. Quetta experienced a severe}^drought^from^{1999 to 2001}^{, with no snowfall and below-normal rainfall.}^Snowfall^{returned in}²⁰⁰²^{after a five-year gap.}

^{People and culture}

^Quetta^{, the}^capital^of^Balochistan^{province, is renowned for its}^diverse^{cultural tapestry. The city is predominantly inhabited by}^Pashtuns^{, followed by}^Brahui^and^Baloch^{communities. Additionally,}^Punjabis^,^Hazaras^,^Uzbeks^,^Tajiks^{, and}^Turkmen^{contribute to the rich cultural mix. This diversity is reflected in the variety of languages spoken, including}^Pashto^,^Brahui^,^Balochi^,^Hazaragi^,^Urdu^{, and}^Punjabi^{. Hospitality remains a deeply ingrained tradition among Quetta’s residents.}

^{The city also serves as a seasonal hub for}^{nomadic Pashtun tribes}^{, notably the}^Nasaran^{, who traverse the}^{Quetta Valley}^during^spring^and^autumn^{. These tribes bring along their herds of sheep and camels, as well as various goods for sale, infusing vibrancy into the city’s life. The inhabitants of Quetta are known for their pride, resilience, and fiercely independent nature—a trait that even the}^British^{acknowledged upon their arrival in the late 19th century.}

^Demographics

^Year	^Pop.	^±%
¹⁹⁴¹	^65,000	^—
¹⁹⁵¹	^84,000	^+29.2%
¹⁹⁶¹	^107,000	^+27.4%
¹⁹⁷²	^158,000	^+47.7%
¹⁹⁸¹	^286,000	^+81.0%
¹⁹⁹⁸	^565,137	^+97.6%
²⁰¹⁷	^1,001,205	^+77.2%
²⁰²³	^1,565,546	^+56.4%

^Quetta^{, nestled at an elevation of 1,680 meters (5,500 feet) above sea level, experiences a}^{cold semi-arid climate}^{classified under the}^{Köppen BSk}^{system. This unique setting leads to significant}^variationⁱⁿ^temperatures^between^summer^and^winter^{. From}^{late May}^to^{early September}^,^{average temperatures}^{hover between}^{24–26 °C}^{(75–79 °F), with the}^{highest temperature}^of^42 °C^(108 °F)^recorded^on^{10 July 1998}^{. As}^autumn^{unfolds from}^{mid-September}^to^mid-November^{, temperatures cool to}^{12–18 °C}^{(54–64 °F). The}^winter^{months, spanning}^{late November}^to^{late February}^{, are notably chilly, averaging}^4–5 °C^{(39–41 °F), with the}^{lowest temperature}^{plummeting to}^{−18.3 °C}^{(−0.9 °F) on}^{8 January 1970}^.^Spring^{, from}^{early March}^to^mid-May^{, brings milder conditions around}^15 °C^(59 °F).

^Monsoon^{influences are minimal in Quetta; however, the city has experienced instances of}^{heavy rainfall}^{. The}^{highest rainfall}^{in a}^24-hour^{period was}^{113 millimeters}^{(4.4 inches) on}^{17 December 2000}^{, while}^{March 1982}^{saw the}^{highest monthly rainfall}^at^{232.4 millimeters}^{(9.15 inches). The}^{highest annual rainfall}^{recorded was}^{949.8 millimeters}^{(37.39 inches).}^Snowfall^{is an occasional winter feature. Notably, Quetta faced a severe}^drought^from^{1999 to 2001}^{, with no snowfall and below-normal rainfall. Snowfall returned in}²⁰⁰²^{after a five-year gap. The city received normal rains in}²⁰⁰⁴^and²⁰⁰⁵^{after three years without snow, but in}²⁰⁰⁶^,²⁰⁰⁷^{, and}²⁰⁰⁹^{, there was no snowfall. In}²⁰⁰⁸^{, Quetta saw}^{10 cm}^{(4 inches) of snow in four hours on}^{29 January}^{, followed by}^{25.4 cm}^{(10 inches) in ten hours on}^{2 February}^{, marking the heaviest snowfall in a decade. The winter of}²⁰¹⁰^{had no snowfall and below-normal rainfall due to}^{El Niño’s}^{impact on Pakistan.}

^{Living in Quetta, one can’t help but appreciate the crisp air and clear skies, especially during the transitional seasons. The city’s climate, with its distinct seasons, offers a unique experience that reflects its geographical setting and elevation.}

^Religious^group	¹⁸⁹¹		¹⁹⁴¹		²⁰¹⁷		²⁰²³
^Religious^group	^Pop.	^%	^Pop.	^%	^Pop.	^%	^Pop.	^%
^Hinduism	^7,180	^42.32%	^24,010	^37.24%	^6,112	^0.61%	^5,366	^0.42%
^Islam	^6,281	^37.02%	^27,935	^43.33%	^975,815	^97.64%	^1,264,791	^97.9%
^Christianity	^2,650	^15.62%	^5,024	^7.79%	^16,842	^1.69%	^20,897	^1.62%
^Sikhism	⁸⁰⁷	^4.76%	^7,364	^11.42%	^—	^—	¹²³	^0.01%
^{Zoroastrianism}	³¹	^0.18%	⁷³	^0.11%	^—	^—	⁴⁶	^0%
^Judaism	¹⁶	^0.09%	¹¹	^0.02%	^—	^—	^—	^—
^Buddhism	⁰	^0%	⁴²	^0.07%	^—	^—	^—	^—
^Jainism	⁰	^0%	⁶	^0.01%	^—	^—	^—	^—
^Tribal	⁰	^0%	⁰	^0%	^—	^—	^—	^—
^Ahmadiyya	^—	^—	^—	^—	³⁶³	^0.04%	¹²⁷	^0.01%
^Others	²	^0.01%	¹¹	^0.02%	²⁵³	^0.03%	⁵⁰⁶	^0.04%
^{Total population}	^16,967	^100%	^64,476	^100%	^999,385	^100%	^1,291,856	^100%

^{Get around}

^{By road}

^Quetta^{is well-connected by road to various regions, offering travelers multiple routes. The}^{N-25 National Highway}^links^Quetta^to^Karachi^{, facilitating a direct journey between these major cities. For those heading west, the}^{N-40 National Highway}^{, also known as the}^{Quetta-Taftan Highway}^{, extends from}^Quetta^to^Taftan^{, covering approximately}^{610 km}^{. This route continues into}^Iran^via^{Road 84}^{, reaching}^Tehran^{. Travelers should note that}^foreigners^{may require an}^escort^by^{Pakistani paramilitaries}^{, such as the}^Levies^{, especially near the}^border^{areas. An}^{overnight stop}ⁱⁿ^Dalbandin^{is common due to the lengthy journey.}

^{To access}^Punjab^and^{upper Sindh}^{, routes through}^Sibi^,^Loralai^,^{Fort Munro}^,^{D.G. Khan}^{, and}^Multan^{are available, offering a}^{shorter route}^{to these regions. The}^{Chaman Road}^{provides a vital}^link^{to the}^{Afghan border}^{, connecting}^Quetta^to^Kandahar^via^Chaman^{. Travelers should remain cautious, as these routes are frequented by heavy}^trucks^{, and road conditions can vary.}

^{By plane}

^{Quetta International Airport (IATA: UET) is located approximately 15 minutes by taxi from the city center.}^{Pakistan International Airlines operates flights connecting Quetta to major cities in Pakistan, including Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad.}^{As of 2014, international flights were unavailable.}

^{By train}

^{Pakistan Railways}^offers^train^{services connecting}^Quetta^{with major}^cities^{. The}^{Bolan Mail}^{operates between}^Karachi^and^Quetta^{, providing}^sleeper^{accommodations and departing}^Karachi^{in the evening, arriving in}^Quetta^{the following afternoon. The}^{Akbar Express}^connects^Quetta^to^Lahore^via^Faisalabadⁱⁿ^Punjab^{, with a}^journey^{time of approximately}^{24 hours}^{. For travelers heading towards}^Afghanistan^{, a}^train^{runs from}^Quetta^to^Chaman^{near the}^border^{, departing}^early^{in the morning and returning by}^evening^{. Previously, an}^{international}^{service to}^Zahedanⁱⁿ^Iran^{was operational but was}^withdrawnⁱⁿ²⁰¹⁴^.^Passengers^{should note that}^sandstorms^{can occasionally}^block^tracks^{, leading to}^severe^delays^.

^{On foot}

^Quetta^{offers visitors the chance to explore its rich history and culture}^{on foot}^{. The}^{city center}^{is adorned with}^{tree-lined boulevards}^and^{ancient monuments}^{, reflecting its}^{British architecture}^{heritage. A stroll through the}^{colorful bazaars}^{allows one to}^buy^exquisite^marble^,^onyx^{, and some of the}^{finest carpets}ⁱⁿ^Pakistan^{. Notable landmarks include the}^{Archaeological Museum of Baluchistan}^{and the historic}^fort^{set against a}^{dramatic mountainous backdrop}^.

^Along^{Jinnah Road}^{, the}^{Tourist Information Centre}^{of the}^{Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation}^{provides valuable insights for}^foreigners^{. The}^{Shahrah-e-Zarghun boulevard}^{houses the}^{Governor’s House}^,^{Post and Telecommunication Offices}^{, and various}^{handicraft shops}^{. Additionally, the}^{Hazarganji-Chiltan National Park}^{, located about 20 km southwest of}^Quetta^{, offers a natural escape with its diverse flora and fauna. The nearby}^{Urak Valley}^{, known for its lush greenery and fruit orchards, is another must-visit spot for nature enthusiasts. Exploring}^Quetta^{by foot not only immerses visitors in its}^compelling^{sights but also offers a chance to experience the city’s vibrant culture firsthand.}

^{By auto-rickshaw}

^{Auto-rickshaws are a popular and affordable mode of transportation in Quetta, offering a cost-effective way to navigate the city. However, the proliferation of unregistered and unauthorized rickshaws has led to traffic congestion and pollution concerns. To address these issues, authorities have initiated crackdowns on illegal rickshaws and are considering bans on certain types to improve air quality and traffic flow.}

^{See Quetta}

^{Quetta Archeological Museum}^{: If you love}^rare^{history, Quetta offers a rich}^collection^{of artifacts from the}^{Stone Age}^{to modern times. Visit the museum}^daily^between^9AM-3PM^{to see}^prehistoric^tools^,^pottery^{, and}^articles^from^Mehrgarh^{, one of the oldest civilizations. There’s also a fascinating}^display^of^antique^guns^,^swords^{, and}^manuscripts^{that reveal the region’s deep past. You’ll find}^coins^,^photos^{, and exhibits about the devastating}^earthquake^of¹⁹³⁵^{, making this experience both educational and emotional.}
^{Geological Museum}^{: Drive along}^{Sariab Road}^{to explore}^{Balochistan University}^{, where a fascinating}^collection^of^rocks^and^fossils^{showcases the natural history of}^Balochistan^{. A must-}^visit^{is the}^{Command and Staff College Museum}^{, housed in a historic}^British^bungalow^{, offering deep insights into}^{military history}^{. The museum also honors legendary figures like}^{Field Marshal Montgomery}^{, making it a unique stop for history enthusiasts.}

^{Hanna Lake}^{: Just}^{10 km}^{from the}^city^{, the Urak Valley offers a peaceful escape, with}^{pine trees}^{, grassy}^slopes^{, and a}^lake^{with a}^{greenish blue tint}^{. The}^turquoise^{waters create a}^{stark contrast}^{against the}^{brownish-green hills}^that^surround^the^area^{. Along the}^edge^{, visitors can relax on}^benches^{, under}^pavilions^{, or on the}^terraces^{, while watching}^{Golden fish}^{swim. For adventure seekers,}^swimming^{is an option. Getting here is easy with a}^{Wagon service}^{from the}^{city bus station}^on^{Circular Road}^{, or through}^transport^{that can be}^hired^from^{PTDC Tourist Information Centre}^,^{Muslim Hotel}^{, or}^{Jinnah Road}ⁱⁿ^Quetta^.

^{Hazarganji Chiltan National Park}^{: Just}^{20 km southwest}^{of Quetta,}^{Hazarganji Chiltan National Park}^{stretches across}^{38,437 acres (15,555 hectares)}^{, with an}^altitude^of^{2,000-3,200 m}^{. According to}^legend^{, the}^mountains^hide^{thousand treasures}^{left behind by}^{great armies}^{passing through its}^{corridors of history}^—from^Bactrian^and^Scythians^to^Mongols^and^{migrating hordes}^of^Pashtuns^{. Today, the park is dedicated to the}^protection^{of endangered}^Markhors^{and other wildlife.}^{Nature lovers, students, scientists, and researchers}^can^{visit year-round}^{, with an}^{overnight stay}^{available at the}^{Forest Department Rest House}^{, located}^{five kilometres inside}^.^{Park Rangers}^guide^visitors^through^{developed access trails}^{, leading to a}^{small museum}^of^{natural history}^{near the}^{park entrance}^.

^{Pir Ghaib}^{: About}^{70 km}^{from the}^{city centre}^along^{Sibi Road}^{, a beautiful}^waterfall^{serves as a perfect}^{picnic point}^{for nature lovers. The serene spot offers a refreshing escape from the city, with cool mist and scenic surroundings making it an ideal place to relax and unwind.}

^Kharkhassa^{: Just}^{10 km west}^of^Quetta^{, a}^{recreation park}^{nestled in a}^{16-km narrow valley}^{offers a peaceful retreat. The}^park^{is home to a}^variety^of^flora^{, including}^{Ephedra, Artemisia, and Sophora}^{, along with diverse}^{wild birds}^like^partridges^{. Managed by the}^{Forest Department}^{, the park provides}^{recreational facilities}^for^visitors^{and can be easily accessed via}^{Spinney Road, Quetta}^.

^{Askari Park}^{: Located on}^{Airport Road}^,^{Askari Park}^{is a popular spot for families and children, offering a variety of rides, green spaces, and a relaxing environment. The park provides a refreshing break from the city’s hustle, making it a great place for an evening stroll or a fun-filled day with loved ones.}
^{Liaquat Park}^{: (}^{Shahrah-e-Iqbal}^{). Situated on}^{Shahrah-e-Iqbal}^,^{Liaquat Park}^{is a peaceful retreat in the heart of Quetta. With lush greenery, walking paths, and shaded spots, it’s a favorite place for families and individuals looking to unwind. The park offers a refreshing escape for visitors seeking relaxation amidst nature.}

^{Balochistan Arts Council Library}^{: Jinnah Road. Located on}^{Jinnah Road}^{, the}^{Balochistan Arts Council Library}^{is a treasure trove for book lovers, researchers, and students. It offers a quiet space filled with a diverse collection of books, manuscripts, and literary works, making it an ideal spot for those seeking knowledge and inspiration.}

^{Chiltan Hill viewpoint}^{: Perched along}^{Brewery Road}^{, the}^{Chiltan Hill Viewpoint}^{offers a breathtaking}^{panoramic view of Quetta}^{. The elevated spot provides a stunning perspective of the city’s landscape, making it a favorite for photographers and nature lovers seeking a peaceful escape.}

^{Get out ( outings} )

^{A Scenic Drive to Urak Valley – The Land of Fruits}

^{Just 21 km from Quetta, a driving trip to Urak Valley takes you through stunning landscapes filled with wild roses and lush fruit orchards. Known as SAMARISTAN, or the real fruit land, the valley is famous for its abundance of delicious fruits, making it a must-visit for nature lovers and food enthusiasts alike.}

^{Explore the Beauty of Pishin Valley}

^{Located 50 km from Quetta, Pishin Valley is known for its lush fruit orchards and traditional karez irrigation system. The valley is home to Bund Khushdil Khan, a man-made lake in Tareenan, where ducks gather in winters, making it a prime spot for duck shooting. Skilled shooters, including Malak Mohammad Ali, Asad Khan Tareen, Qurban Ali, Asmatullah Tareen, Inayat Ullah Tareen, Sana Mamo, Bore Mohammad Saab, Shahbaz Khan Kakar, and Jaan, frequent the area. Nearby Torashah, Malik Yar, and Batezai villages add to the valley’s cultural richness.}

^{Ziarat – The Summer Retreat of Balochistan}

^{Just 133 km from Quetta, the scenic hill town of Ziarat sits 8,000 feet above sea level and can be reached in 3 hours by car or via air-conditioned coach and taxis. Known for its vast juniper trees, the town is home to the oldest and tallest juniper jungle, covering 4,416 acres, crucial for the survival of this ancient ecosystem. The evergreen slopes also feature apple, black cherry, almond, walnut, and chinar trees, adding to its beauty. Ziarat is a summer retreat and a holy place, with the shrine of Tahir Baba Kharwari, where several graves mark spiritual history. Close to the Afghan border, the surrounding rocky, barren mountains were once home to fierce tribes that made even the British weary and fearful. Nearby, Chaman, a key border village and trading centre, connects Pakistan to Afghanistan, making it a hub for fruit exports.}

^{Khojak Pass}

^{The Chaman Border, connecting Pakistan to Afghanistan, lies 153 km from Quetta, offering an enthralling journey through breathtaking scenic beauty. The route passes through Khojak Sheela, featuring the historic 4-km Khojak Tunnel, one of the longest in South Asia. At an elevation of 1,945 meters above sea level, the pass provides stunning mountain views, making it a must-visit for travelers exploring the region.}

^{Bolan Pass}

^{Bolan Pass – The Historic Gateway}

^{The Bolan Pass, a vital route linking Central Asia to the north of the subcontinent, has witnessed countless intrusions into undivided India for centuries. This picturesque hilly road, shaped by history, offers breathtaking views with a cool breeze that enhances the travel experience.}

^{Lak Pass – The Gateway to Kalat and Beyond}

^{The hilly tract of Lak Pass connects Quetta to Kalat, serving as a key route toward Zahidan, Iran. The pass offers stunning mountain views, with Koh-e-Taftan visible in the distance. Travelers passing through can also witness the Saindak copper mines en route, highlighting the region’s rich mineral resources.}

^{Harnai Pass – A Scenic Route Through History}

^{The Harnai Pass, just an hour’s drive from Ziarat, has long been a vital migration path for locals escaping extreme winter in Harnai. The pass offers spectacular views, similar to the famous Khyber Pass near Peshawar. Travelers often visit the shrine of Kharwari Baba before continuing toward Loralai, making the journey both spiritual and scenic.}

^{Hanna Lake – A Refreshing Escape Near Quetta}

^{A perfect}^excursion^just^{10 km}^{from the}^city^,^{Hanna Lake}^{is a must-}^visit^{destination. The}^lake^{, with its}^{greenish-blue tint}^{, sits amid}^{hills overlooking Quetta}^{, creating a}^{stark contrast}^{against the}^{brownish-green hills}^that^{surround the area}^{. Visitors can relax on}^{benches, pavilions, and terraces}^{, or enjoy spotting}^{Golden fish}^{near the}^{edge of the waters}^{. The}^{turquoise water}^{, lined with}^{pine trees, grass, and slopes}^{, enhances the natural beauty. For transport, a}^{Wagon service}^{runs from the}^{city bus station on Circular Road}^{, while private vehicles can be}^hired^{. The}^{PTDC Tourist Information Centre}^at^{Muslim Hotel, Jinnah Road, Quetta}^{, provides travel details for an easy trip.}

^{Hazarganji-Chiltan National Park – A Wildlife Haven}

^Located^{20 km southwest}^{of Quetta,}^{Hazarganji-Chiltan National Park}^spans^{38,437 acres (15,555 hectares)}^{, preserving the endangered}^Markhors^{and other wildlife. The park, named after the legend of}^{“thousand treasures”}^{, has witnessed passages of}^{great armies}^{, including}^{Bactrians, Scythians, Mongols, and migrating Pashtun hordes}^{, making it a site rich in}^history^{. With an}^altitude^{ranging from}^{2,000 to 3,200 meters}^{, it attracts}^{nature lovers, students, scientists, and researchers}^{all year. Visitors can explore}^{developed access trails}^{, visit the}^{small museum of natural history}^{at the}^{park entrance}^{, or stay overnight at the}^{Forest Department Rest House}^{, located}^{five kilometres inside}^{, under the watchful care of}^{Park Rangers}^.

^{Festivals in Quetta – A Blend of Culture and Tradition}

^The^{people of Quetta}^{celebrate various}^religious^and^{social festivals}^{with great enthusiasm.}^Eid-ul-Fitr^and^Eid-ul-Azha^{are the most significant, where families}^{adorn houses}^{, wear}^{new dresses}^{, and prepare}^{special dishes}^{to enjoy with loved ones. During}^{Eid-Milad-un-Nabi}^{, the}^{birthday celebration}^{of the}^{Muslim Prophet Muhammad}^{, streets light up with decorations, and processions bring communities together in harmony.}

^{Among the}^{colorful social festivals}^{, the}^{Sibi Festival}^{stands out, tracing its}^roots^{back to the}^{Mehrgarh archaeological site}^{, an ancient center of}^{human civilization}^{. The event}^{attracts people}^{from across the}^country^{and is}^attended^by^{common folk, ministers, and government officials}^{alike. The festival features}^{folk music performances, cultural dances, handicrafts stalls, cattle shows, and amusing activities}^{. One of its highlights is}^Buzkashi^{, a}^{peculiar festival}^of^valor^{among the}^{Pashtun people}^{, where}^horseback^{riders from}^{two teams}^{showcase their}^skills^{as they fiercely}^{snatch a goat}^{to claim victory.}

^Buy

^{Traditional Shopping in Quetta – A Treasure of Local Craft}

^{Quetta is famous for its}^{local handicrafts}^{, including}^{green marble products}^{, beautifully detailed}^{mirror work}^{, and finely}^{embroidered jackets, shirts, hand bags, pillow covers, and bed sheets}^{. Shoppers can also find top-quality}^{dry fruits}^{, making them a must-buy for visitors. The city’s}^{prominent bazaars}^{, such as}^{Main Bazaar, Jinnah Road, Shahrah-e-Iqbal, Kandahari Bazaar, Shahrah-e-Liaqat, Liaqat Bazaar, and Suraj Gang Bazaar}^{, are filled with}^{colorful handicrafts}^{crafted by}^{Pashtun workers}^{, who are}^expert^{in making}^{fine Afghani carpets, intricate designs, fur coats, jackets, waist-coats, and sandals}^{, showcasing}^{traditional Pashtun skills}^.

^{For carpet lovers,}^{Balochi carpets}^{, woven by}^{nomadic tribes}^{of the}^area^{, are available, though they are}^{generally not as fine or expensive}^{as those from}^{Persian cities}^{. The}^{better Afghan carpets}^and^{Turkoman tribal rugs from the north}^{hold more value due to their authenticity. However,}^{copies of Turkoman and Persian designs}^{can be found in various}^{cities of Pakistan}^{, each carrying its}^{own charm and range}^{. While some pieces are}^{relatively crude rugs}^{, others are}^{fine and valuable}^{, making}^bargaining^{essential for getting}^{reasonable prices}^{. Visitors looking for}^{small, easy-to-transport}^{carpets can find exquisite pieces without hassle.}

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^{The Taste of Quetta – A Paradise for Food Lovers}

^{Quetta’s food culture is rich with flavors, and nothing represents it better than}^Sajji^{, a}^{whole leg of lamb}^{, marinated with}^{local herbs and spices}^{, then}^{barbecued over an open fire}^{. This}^{tender, not very spicy delicacy}^is^popular^among^locals^{and is often}^{offered to guests}^by^{Pathan tribesmen}^{. Another traditional favorite is}^Landhi^{, a}^{whole lamb}^,^{dried in the shade}^and^{kept for winters}^{. For those who love grilled flavors,}^{Khandi Kebab}^{is a must-try. Some of the best}^{Kebab shops}^include^{Lehri Sajji House, Mir Afzal Karahi on Jinnah Road, and the famous Khadi Kebab at Liaquat Bazaar}^{. Quetta also offers a mix of}^{Pakistani food, Continental food, and Chinese restaurants}^{, with}^{Cafe China}^{being the}^{oldest in town}^{, serving the}^{finest mutton}^{in the}^country^{, sourced from the farms}^{around Quetta}^{. The city’s}^{old bazaars, tea-shops, and local social clubs}^{are also filled with the}^{delicious smell of Pulao}^{, making them perfect spots for food lovers.}

^{No meal is complete without a hot cup of}^{refreshing green tea}^{, commonly enjoyed by the}^{Pashtun people}^at^{Doodh Pati shops}^{. The region is also famous for its}^{tasteful fruits}^{, which are}^{exported across the country and abroad}^{. The fertile lands of}^{Urak and Samaristan, the land of fruits}^{, produce}^{plums, peaches, pomegranates, apricots, apples, olives, melons, watermelons, cherries, pistachios, almonds, and saffron}^{on a}^{commercial scale}^{. With its}^{Persian influence}^{, Quetta’s}^{tulip fields}^{add to the region’s beauty, making it a unique place for both food and nature lovers.}

^{Mehrgarh – The Cradle of Ancient Civilization}

^{Nestled near}^{Bolan Pass}^{, just}^{south of Quetta}^{, the}^{ancient civilization of Mehrgarh}^{is one of the most significant}^{archaeological sites}ⁱⁿ^{South Asia}^{. Located near the}^{modern town of Sibi}^{, it was a}^{continuous settlement from circa 7000 BCE to 500 BCE}^{, making it one of the earliest known hubs of}^{farming and animal husbandry}^{. The}^{earliest evidence}^{of agricultural practices in the region comes from}^{ancient layers dating between 7000 and 5500 BCE}^.

^By^{around 2500 BCE}^,^{Mehrgarh’s relics}^{showed strong connections to the}^{Indus Valley Civilization}^{, suggesting cultural evolution and trade between early societies. The artifacts unearthed here include}^{pottery, tools, and remnants of early domesticated plants and animals}^{, shedding light on the lifestyle of one of the world’s oldest known human settlements. Today, the site stands as a}^{testament to South Asia’s deep historical roots}^{, offering valuable insights for historians, archaeologists, and visitors fascinated by}^{prehistoric civilizations}^.

Quetta

Strategic Significance and Historical Background

Economic Activities and Educational Institutions

Geographical Boundaries and Topography

Agriculture and Handicrafts

Demographics and Infrastructure

Foundation

Climate

People and culture

Demographics

Get around

By road

By plane

By train

On foot

By auto-rickshaw

Get out ( outings )

A Scenic Drive to Urak Valley – The Land of Fruits

Explore the Beauty of Pishin Valley

Ziarat – The Summer Retreat of Balochistan

Khojak Pass

Bolan Pass

Bolan Pass – The Historic Gateway

Lak Pass – The Gateway to Kalat and Beyond

Harnai Pass – A Scenic Route Through History

Hanna Lake – A Refreshing Escape Near Quetta

Hazarganji-Chiltan National Park – A Wildlife Haven

Festivals in Quetta – A Blend of Culture and Tradition

Buy

Traditional Shopping in Quetta – A Treasure of Local Craft

Eat

The Taste of Quetta – A Paradise for Food Lovers

Mehrgarh – The Cradle of Ancient Civilization

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